• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention refers to a fire extinguishing and protective composition especially indicated for fires of great intensity and high temperatures, as well as the process for its preparation and use. Said composition once mixed with water in the appropriate proportion (10 to 20% by weight of composition and 80 to 90% by weight of water) forms a viscous liquid or gel with great properties of thermal absorption and resistance to fire and heat, resulting suitable for the extinction and protection of fires of high intensity and high temperatures where traditional methods have no capacity to act. Having the efficacy of long-term retardant. Said composition comprises a fibrous clay selected from sepiolite and paligorskite or attapulgite, a solution stabilizer, a light aggregate and a natural polymer compatible with fibrous clays. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2780299A1
    申请号:ES201900026
    申请日:2019-02-22
    公开日:2020-08-24
    发明作者:Martino Joaquín Gracia
    申请人:Martino Joaquín Gracia；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] Extinguishing and protective composition for fires of great intensity and high temperatures as well as the procedure for its elaboration and use
    [0002] Object of the invention
    [0003] The present invention refers to an extinguishing and protective composition against fire, which due to its special characteristics make it suitable for extinguishing fires of high intensity and high temperatures, as well as for their protection.
    [0004] This composition has great extinguishing and thermal absorption properties in a first phase and protection and thermal insulation in a second phase, so together with its properties of great resistance to fire and heat make it very suitable for the direct extinction of large fronts fires of great intensity and high temperatures in which traditional extinguishing means are ineffective. Situation, this, common in the great fronts of flame in the great forest fires.
    [0005] The composition has great properties as a long-term retardant, demonstrating in tests to match and even improve the capacities of common long-term chemical retardants.
    [0006] These properties also make it highly effective for indirect attack on these fronts, being able to quickly form fire barriers, igniting the fuel by projecting the protective composition on it ahead of the advance of the flame front, thus also providing much more safety to the intervening endowments.
    [0007] It is also the second object of the invention and given the large amount of extinguishing agent to be used in large forest fires that said composition is totally natural, ecological and compatible with the environment, all its components being natural substances.
    [0008] The present composition can also be useful for other types of fires that due to great intensity and energy exceed the effectiveness of traditional extinguishing methods as long as the fuel is chemically compatible with water.
    [0009] Technical field
    [0010] The present invention relates to an extinguishing and protective composition for fires of great intensity and high temperatures and is useful in the field of fire extinguishing.
    [0011] Background
    [0012] In recent decades and even more so in recent years, a series of factors, including the abandonment of rural areas, deficiencies in forest policies and rural development, together with climate change, have produced a continuous change in forest fires. The number of large forest fires, GIF, as well as the surface and virulence of these has not stopped growing year after year.
    [0013] Specialists in the field have been creating a classification based on the size and virulence of these that has not stopped increasing, starting to be considered from 2016 to the most violent and destructive of these, sixth generation fires. This type of fire is difficult to combat or control because they far exceed the extinguishing capacity, are anarchic and unpredictable and are assuming a true civil emergency wherever they develop.
    [0015] The extinguishing capacity with traditional water-based methods is estimated at around 10,000 kw / m, having been measured in some of the last fires such as the one in Pedrogao in Portugal, for example, peaks of up to 238,000 kw / m and an average of 138,000 kw / m then considering fires totally outside the extinguishing capacity and exceeding this sometimes up to almost 24 times.
    [0017] The impossibility of being able to stop these powerful fronts is aggravated by the great increase in the urban forest interface produced in the last decades and turn these fires into a true civil emergency. We have recent examples of hundreds and even thousands of homes destroyed in the fires of Santa Rosa 2017 (California), Paradise 2018 (California), Fort Me Murray 2016 (Canada), Portugal 2017, Greece 2018, ... in which the fire it entered the interface and it was impossible to stop it.
    [0019] Traditional extinguishing methods based on extinguishing with water or enhanced with short-term retardants (foaming agents) are totally ineffective in attacking the large fronts of GIFs due to the limited extinguishing properties and thermal absorption of water and the great energy that these fronts give off so that extinction only becomes possible on secondary fronts.
    [0021] The most effective indirect methods such as firefighting are difficult to use on many occasions due to the particular climatic conditions in which they develop and even generate these fires modifying the climate on a regional scale creating large wind currents sometimes from hundreds of kilometers by large currents convective forces and the zonal depression they produce. Likewise, on many occasions the great increase in the urban forest interface also represents a great added danger for the use of these techniques, which is why on many occasions they are impossible to use.
    [0023] The main method of extinguishing water is based on refrigeration, but it is barely capable of absorbing about 620 Cal / g until it evaporates. Taking into account the up to 4500 Cal / g that vegetable fuels release during combustion, they show the difficulty of traditional water-based media to stop massive fronts of flame in the unfavorable conditions that usually occur in GIFs.
    [0025] Scientific studies of the flame in forest fire fronts show that temperatures above 1300 ° C are usual in flame fronts, having measured in large GIF fronts sometimes more than 2200 ° C. These conditions make it unthinkable to try to extinguish these fronts directly with traditional water-based media and, in the case of trying to use it, experience shows that it does not even manage to reach the fuel by evaporating before reaching it without achieving relative energy absorption.
    [0027] In these extreme fire conditions, even if the water manages to extinguish the flame, either by cooling or by separating the flame, it evaporates almost immediately and the high temperatures mean that fuels are continuously emitting pyrolysis gases and these are within the ranges of inflammation and even autoinflammation so they re-ignite and much more easily even in the presence of wind.
    [0028] To this must be added that the latest studies by specialists in the field point to the importance and large quantity of a multitude of volatiles present in forest fires according to the type of vegetation and even more so in the unfavorable times in which these fires occur. In certain types of vegetation and in unfavorable conditions common to the powerful heat waves in which GIFs develop, the presence of a multitude of flammable gases at room temperature, volatile, well below the ignition temperatures of gases has been demonstrated. pyrolysis. In the presence of volatiles, the cooling-based water extinguishing method would be totally ineffective under these unfavorable conditions, since it is impossible to lower the temperature below the ignition temperature of these gases, since they burn in the atmospheric conditions present.
    [0029] Another reason for the low efficiency of water-based extinguishing is that it drains quickly to the ground, allowing only a small percentage of the water used to evaporate, wasting a large amount of it for cooling.
    [0030] Short-term retardants (foaming agents) improve the properties of water by lowering the surface tension, giving it more adherence and adding air to it, thus making it easier to adhere to fuels, preventing it from draining, improving the cooling, protection and suffocation effect.
    [0031] Even so, this improvement is not enough to be able to try to extinguish the large flame fronts of the GIFs directly, since the thermal absorption is similar to that of water, it evaporates quickly and a large percentage of it also ends up on the ground without perform any function, thus its suffocation and protection effect is also quite limited. To the difficulty of extinguishing a large front with traditional methods, it must be added that after the extinction of a flame front with water or short-term retardants, hours and sometimes even days of control and auction are necessary if it has affected trees or large bushes, as these start to burn again and again as soon as the water or foam evaporates.
    [0032] The main short-term retardants used have proven to be polluting and harmful to aquatic fauna, so their use on a large scale is not advisable.
    [0033] Long-term chemical retardants generally based on ammonium polyphosphate began to be used in the 1960s. Ammonium polyphosphate is a flame inhibitor that interrupts the chain reaction. This is recognized as an effective solution in indirect attack on large fronts of flames and in use in direct attack with aerial means. However, today its use is totally discouraged by the scientific community due to the contamination of aquifers and its harmful effects on aquatic fauna and the alterations it produces in the germination of plants.
    [0034] Currently there are hundreds of chemical retardants developed, most of them by the plastics industry, but the large amount to be used in forest fires, their high cost or the negative effects of most of them make their effective introduction in forest fires difficult today. today.
    [0035] Since the 1960s, the advantages for extinguishing with water produced by gelling agents have been known, since 1958 the "viscous water" based on alginate, a viscous obtained from algae, began to be used in the United Kingdom in 1958. The US NFPA manual it also specifies the advantages of the use of viscous agents in fire fighting.
    [0036] Some studies have even quantified the improvement (up to 30%) that some natural polymers such as potassium polyacrylate produce in extinguishing forest fires. The gelling agents improve the surface tension of the water and provide it with adhesion, thus improving the effectiveness of the water as it adheres to the fuel and delays evaporation as the water molecules remain associated with a polymeric network that must be undone, thus improving suffocation and protection while wasting less. Despite these improvements being recognized, gelling agents have not been effectively introduced in fire fighting today.
    [0037] Part of the effectiveness of the present invention is based on the gelling of the water.
    [0038] Recently, in a totally different line, an Aragonese company, Sallenfire, has developed two fire extinguishing products based on the application of water with different minerals and other substances with long-term retardant properties and an approximate proportion of 45% of solid matter. These are mentioned in this specification to go along the same lines the present invention.
    [0039] Patent ES2310498B1 describes a fire and protective composition composed of water, calcium carbonate, preservative, vegetable binder and calcium sulfate.
    [0040] Patent ES2556912B2 describes a fire retardant composition composed of water, preservative, vegetable glue, glass microspheres, talc and silica sand.
    [0041] Description of the invention
    [0042] In the present specification a fire extinguishing and protective composition is described that once mixed with water in the appropriate proportion (10 to 20% by weight of composition and 80 to 90% by weight of water) forms a viscous liquid or gel with large properties for extinguishing and protecting fires of great intensity and high temperatures. Said composition comprises:
    [0043] - A fibrous clay selected from sepiolite and paligorskite also called attapulgite in a proportion of 40 to 70% by weight.
    [0044] - A stabilizing agent for the solution in a proportion of 20 to 40% by weight.
    [0045] - A lightweight insulating aggregate in a proportion of 15 to 30% by weight.
    [0046] - A natural polymer compatible with fibrous clays in a proportion of 1 to 7% by weight. In a preferred embodiment of the composition, the selected clay would be Sepiolite, preferably with a purity greater than 80% and more preferably greater than 90% and a granulometry preferably less than 0.005 mm in a proportion of 50 to 80% by weight. In another preferred embodiment of the composition, the selected clay would be paligorskite (or attapulgite), preferably with a purity greater than 80% and more preferably greater than 90% and granulometry preferably less than 0.005mm in a proportion of 50 to 80% by weight.
    [0047] In a preferred embodiment, the solution stabilizing agent would be calcium sulfate hemihydrate and more preferably it would be beta-type calcium sulfate hemihydrate, also called plaster.
    [0048] In a preferred embodiment, the lightweight insulating aggregate would be vermiculite, and more preferably expanded vermiculite and preferably powder with a particle size preferably less than 0.5mm.
    [0049] In a preferred embodiment, the selected polymer would be selected from guar gum, xanthan gum, carboxymethyl cellulose or alginate.
    [0050] In a more preferred embodiment, the natural polymer selected would be selected from guar gum, xanthan gum or a mixture of both.
    [0051] In an ideal practical implementation of the invention and previously mixing the composition with water for application in extinguishing or protecting fires, said resulting composition comprises:
    [0052] - Water in a proportion of 80 to 90% by weight.
    [0053] - Sepiolite of high purity preferably greater than 80% and more preferably greater than 90% and granulometry preferably less than 0.005mm in a proportion of 4 to 14% by weight.
    [0054] - Calcium sulfate hemihydrate beta type in a proportion of 2 to 8% by weight.
    [0055] - Expanded vermiculite powder with a granulometry preferably less than 0.5mm in a proportion of 1.5 to 6% by weight.
    [0056] - A natural polymer selected from among guar gum, xanthan gum, carboxymethyl cellulose or alginate in a proportion of 0.1 to 1% by weight. And more preferably selected from among guar gum, xanthan gum or a mixture of both in a proportion of 0.1 to 1% by weight. In another ideal practical embodiment of the invention and previously mixing the composition with water for application in extinguishing or protecting fires, said resulting composition comprises:
    [0057] - Water in a proportion of 80 to 90% by weight.
    [0058] Paligorskite (or attapulgite) of high purity preferably greater than 80% and more preferably greater than 90% and granulometry preferably less than 0.005mm in a proportion of 4 to 14% by weight.
    [0059] - Calcium sulfate hemihydrate beta type in a proportion of 2 to 8% by weight.
    [0060] - Expanded vermiculite powder with a granulometry preferably less than 0.5mm in a proportion of 1.5 to 6% by weight.
    [0061] - A natural polymer selected from guar gum, xanthan gum, carboxymethylcellulose or alginate, in a proportion of 0.1 to 1% by weight. And more preferably selected from among guar gum, xanthan gum or a mixture of both in a proportion of 0.1 to 1% by weight.
    [0062] The effectiveness of the composition is based on the gelation of water by the composition, resulting in a viscous fluid or gel with great resistance to fire and heat that remains fully adhered by its properties to the fuels, extinguishing the fire at least by suffocation, cooling. and flame separation, also protecting the fuels for a long time due to their great insulation and thermal absorption properties.
    [0064] Part of this efficiency is due to the great hydrophilic properties and to the stepped and continuous thermal absorption of fibrous clays and even more to the resulting composition in a first phase as well as thermal protection and thermal insulation in a second phase of the viscous liquid or gel. resulting after mixing in the proper proportion.
    [0066] Having the resulting final composition many better properties than the components by complementing their properties.
    [0068] Fibrous clays physically and chemically trap water at several different energy levels, which are then necessary to overcome with the corresponding endothermic processes to achieve their release, consequently producing the evaporation of the water in a progressive and staggered way with a continuous thermal absorption by at least four different processes.
    [0070] Specifically, sepiolite has a complex molecule that is organized in the form of large hollow slats presenting great hydrophilic properties. Sepiolite traps water physically and chemically at three different energy levels, which must then be overcome to release it. This causes it to greatly delay the evaporation of adsorbed water, thus prolonging the thermal absorption reactions that occur during its release and then by evaporation. Hygroscopic water adsorbed on the surface and in the zeolitic channels (90 to 250 ° C), water of crystallization (350 to 450 ° C) and constitution water (600 to 800 ° C).
    [0072] Parallel to the thermal absorption process that takes place during the evaporation of the water contained in the zeolitic channels when the sepiolite is subjected to heat, they increase in size, tending to be filled with nitrogen, thus improving the thermal insulation. Sepiolite has great thermal insulation properties and great resistance to heat at 1350 ° C.
    [0073] Paligorskite or attapulgite has very similar properties, trapping water at three energy levels as well, which must then be overcome to release. Hygroscopic water adsorbed on the surface or on the zeolitic channels (160 ° C), water of crystallization (280 ° C) and water of constitution (475 ° C).
    [0075] The beta-type calcium sulfate hemihydrate, also called plaster, helps by giving consistency to the mixture at first, tending to capture water to rehydrate and form bihydrate. Sepiolite slows down or prevents its crystallization and the exothermic reaction that accompanies it. When it receives heat, it also begins to progressively release the adsorbed water and also the contained molecular water (6% from 150 ° C).
    [0077] Also helping to prolong the water evaporation process with the consequent thermal absorption. The plaster increases the volume during rehydration and, by losing water due to heat, contributes to the formation of many small hollow spaces that are filled with air, helping to improve the insulation on the fuels once dry.
    [0079] The plaster helps to absorb the volume changes of the sepiolite during the drying phase. Plaster is a recognized thermal insulator and has a high resistance to fire at 1450 ° C.
    [0080] Expanded vermiculite is an exceptional thermal insulator that provides flexibility, lightness and insulation to the mixture, greatly improving the composition during and after the evaporation of the water. At first, the abundant holes in the mineral are filled with water absorbed in physical form, but with the heat it begins to lose it. Its greater granularity and flexibility make it contribute to absorb the expansions produced during the different phases of water loss from the sepiolite and the hemihydrate and avoid cracking to contribute to the permanence of the composition, protecting the fuel once dry. A fact contrasted by studies, in consulted doctoral theses, on the improvement of coatings in construction for fire protection, where expanded vermiculite is widely used.
    [0081] Expanded vermiculite is an exceptional thermal insulator and has a great resistance to heat, 1370 ° C.
    [0082] A small proportion of natural polymer compatible with fibrous clays helps gelling by forming a homogeneous polymer network with the excess water and the whole, reducing the amount of mineral necessary to form a stable viscous fluid or gel while providing elasticity and adherence. These qualities are very important to ensure the sustainability of the composition in vertical fuels both at first and during the drying process. The composition behaves more elastic and thus maintains adherence after loss of water.
    [0083] Guar gum, xanthan gum, carboxymethylcellulose or alginate have been considered the most suitable for their properties and compatibility with fibrous clays.
    [0084] Once mixed with water in the proper proportion, the resulting composition has the following properties that make it very suitable for extinguishing high intensity fires as well as for their protection by covering fuels:
    [0085] - Viscous liquid or stable gel with very little proportion of solid composition (from 10%). - Very light (density similar to or less than 1) and adherent which facilitates the covering of fuels in vertical parameters with hardly any waste of it.
    [0086] - Great hydrophilic properties making it difficult for water to evaporate, which occurs progressively and in a staggered manner depending on the energy received.
    [0087] - Continuous and prolonged thermal absorption that continues during the processes of water loss and then its evaporation at the different energy levels necessary to overcome the physicochemical bonds of adsorption, crystallization or composition of water with the different components or its contained molecular water.
    [0088] - Great resistance to heat (higher than 1300 ° C).
    [0089] - Great thermal insulation that increases with the loss of water as the zeolitic channels of the sepiolite are filled with nitrogen and the pores that the air plaster forms after the progressive evaporation of the water.
    [0090] - The composition, once mixed with water in the appropriate proportion, maintains the rheological and thixotropic properties typical of sepiolite gels, important for working with pumps as they behave in motion like a fluid.
    [0091] - Totally ecological, disappears after abundant rains.
    [0092] - The composition has long-term retardant properties.
    [0093] Its great hydrophilic, thermal absorption and heat resistance properties give it great qualities to withstand long-term high temperatures produced by high intensity fronts in which traditional extinguishing methods do not have the ability to act protecting fuels.
    [0094] These qualities make the resulting composition very appropriate once mixed with water in the right proportion for direct attack on large fronts of high intensity flame and high temperatures, the process of use being the projection of the fluid onto the burning fuels.
    [0095] Due to the lightness and adherence of the fluid, it adheres to the burning fuels, covering them and extinguishing the flames by suffocating and separating the flame. At the same time, due to this covering of the fuels, it produces cooling and prevents the emission of flammable gases, while also protecting them thermally.
    [0096] In a first phase, a great suffocation effect is produced, separating the fuel and its flammable gaseous emissions from the oxygen and the flame, while thermally protecting the fuel from the thermal absorption produced by the slow and staggered evaporation of the water due to its unions. physicochemical with the components while giving some thermal insulation.
    [0097] In the event of a powerful and maintained heat source that achieves complete evaporation of the water, once the composition dries, a second protective phase is produced. The composition continues to protect the fuel by thermal insulation. Once the water is lost, there is an increase in volume in the zeolitic channels of the sepiolite that are filled with nitrogen at the same time as the pores that form sulfate and vermiculite by air, isolating the fuels from thermal emissions by radiation or convection from nearby areas. not extinguished or other sources of heat.
    [0098] In addition to the effectiveness of extinguishing and protection, it must be added that the composition-covered fuels hardly need finishing and control tasks, since the fuel is isolated and suffocated. Tasks that require a large number of hours of work and that in GIF can pose a problem by losing equipment in auction and control tasks for hours each time a bulb is extinguished, so they are no longer available.
    [0099] The procedure for using the resulting composition for the indirect attack on large flame fronts in GIF consists of projecting the resulting fluid onto the fuels in front of the flame front to form fire-retardant fire barriers prior to their arrival, stopping or thus slowing down the advance of the front.
    [0100] This formation of fireproof fire barriers can also be carried out as a preventive measure to form safe areas behind the intervening crews prior to direct attacks.
    [0101] The fireproofing of the fuel forming protective barriers provides much more security to the intervening crews.
    [0102] The formations of protective barriers through the projection of the composition by fireproofing the fuel can also be used for the protection of forest urban interface areas prior to the arrival of large fronts of flame. This technique can also be used to protect structures and buildings from the advance of large fronts. The composition preparation process consists of having the components premixed in a fixed and precise manner in the appropriate proportion according to the claims herein, mixing them with water at the time prior to their use in the appropriate proportion (10 to 20% of composition ) depending on the needs, the intensity of the heat source, working method, type of impulsion pumps used.
    [0103] Being at higher proportions of composition more resistant to fire and heat and presenting great efficiency already from proportions close to 12%.
    [0104] Example of realization and use:
    [0105] With the help of dispensers, a pre-mix of 100 kg of composition is made using 44.4 kg of high purity sepiolite, 29.6 kg of beta-type calcium sulfate hemihydrate, 22.2 kg of expanded vermiculite in powder and 3.7 kg of guar gum so that the entire composition is perfectly mixed. This is distributed in 25 kg bags ready for use. In a tank with 160l of water, the contents of a 25 kg bag of the previous composition obtained are emptied and stirred slightly (the hydrophilicity of the whole makes it practically absorb the water without the need for much stirring) so that 185 I are achieved. viscous liquid or gel (with an approximate proportion of 13.5% solid substance and 86.5% water).
    [0106] The resulting composition with the help of a pump and hose is projected onto totally dry vertical vegetable fuels that have been previously set on fire, leaving these immediately extinguished and totally covered with the resulting gel or viscous fluid.
    [0107] The covered fuels stop emitting flammable gases, are suffocated, cooled and are highly resistant to fire and heat, being necessary to relight them to apply a high intensity flame in a sustained manner. (In tests carried out with 6mm of composition thickness, it is necessary to apply a focused and maintained flame of 1300 ° C for more than 2 minutes to achieve combustion, without achieving propagation outside the focused zone).
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    1. Composition for the preparation, after mixing with water in the appropriate proportion (10 to 20% composition and 80 to 90% water), of a viscous fluid or gel with highly hydrophilic, rheological, thermal insulation and great properties. resistance to fire and heat suitable for the extinction and protection of fires of high intensity and high temperatures. Characterized in that said composition comprises:
    - At least one fibrous clay selected from sepiolite and paligorskite, also called attapulgite, in a proportion of 40 to 70% by weight.
    - A stabilizing agent for the solution in a proportion of 20 to 40% by weight.
    - A lightweight insulating aggregate in a proportion of 15 to 30% by weight.
    - A natural polymer in a proportion of 1 to 10% by weight.
    [2]
    Composition according to claim 1 in which the selected clay is sepiolite preferably of a high degree of purity, preferably greater than 80% and more preferably greater than 90% and a particle size preferably less than 0.0005mm.
    [3]
    Composition according to claim 1, in which the selected clay is paligorskite, also called attapulgite, preferably with a high degree of purity, preferably greater than 80% and more preferably greater than 90% and a particle size preferably less than 0.0005mm.
    [4]
    Composition according to any of claims 1, 2 and 3 in which the stabilizing agent of the solution is calcium sulfate hemihydrate and preferably calcium sulfate hemihydrate beta type, also called plaster.
    [5]
    Composition according to any of claims 1 to 4, in which the lightweight insulating aggregate is vermiculite and more preferably expanded vemiculite and preferably powder and with a particle size of less than 0.5mm.
    [6]
    Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in which the natural polymer is selected from guar gum, xanthan gum, carboxymethylcellulose or alginate. And more preferably selected from guar gum, xanthan gum or a mixture of both.
    [7]
    7. A process for preparing the composition consisting of having the components premixed in a fixed and precise manner in the appropriate proportion according to any of claims 1 to 6 and subsequently mixing them with water at the time prior to use in the appropriate proportion (10 at 20% composition), this being variable depending on the needs, the intensity of the heat source, the working method, the type of impulsion pumps used, etc.
    [8]
    8. A resulting composition in the form of a viscous fluid or gel with the capacity to extinguish and protect fires of high intensity and high temperatures that is obtained by mixing the composition of any one of claims 1 to 6 with water, in a proportion of 10 to 20% by weight of any of the compositions of claims 1 to 6 and 80 to 90% by weight of water.
    [9]
    9. A method to extinguish or control a fire or protect it, which consists of forming a viscous fluid from any of the compositions of claims 1 to 6 by mixing it with water in the appropriate proportion according to claims 1 and 7 and using it with the usual fire extinguishing means by projecting the fluid onto burning fuels.
    [10]
    10. A process to form protective barriers to the fire of a fire consisting of forming a viscous fluid from any of the compositions of claims 1 to 6, mixing it with water in the appropriate proportion, according to claims 1 and 7, and use it with the usual fire extinguishing media to project it and cover the fuels to be protected prior to fire or combustion.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2780299B2|2021-02-08|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    ES346704A1|1966-11-03|1968-12-16|Pechiney Saint Gobain|Procedure for obtaining preventative fluid compositions and for extinguishing fires, especially forestry and cellulose materials. |
    CN104056381A|2014-06-22|2014-09-24|许盛英|Cement mesh gel foam mud fire prevention and extinguishing agent|
    CN104083844A|2014-06-23|2014-10-08|哈密双羽科技开发有限公司|Bentonite reticular gel foam mud fire prevention and extinguishing agent|
    CN104083843A|2014-06-23|2014-10-08|哈密双羽科技开发有限公司|Gypsum reticular gel foam mud fire prevention and extinguishing agent|
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